South

Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen reached the South Pole in 1911, followed by Scott who unfortunately died on the return journey. In 1914, Shackleton made his third and most famous trip to the Antarctic with the ship Endurance, planning to cross Antarctica via the South Pole. Early in 1915, Endurance became trapped in the ice, and the crew abandoned the boat to live on nearby floating ice. Ten months later sank the ship sank. In April 1916, the 28 crew members set off in three small boats, eventually reaching Elephant Island. In a small boat, Shackleton and five men then spent 16 days crossing 1,300 km of ocean to reach the southern coast of South Georgia, where Shackleton formed a rescue party for the remaining men. All crew members were eventually rescued and survived. 'South', Shackleton's account of the Endurance expedition, was originally published in 1919.

Shackleton's fourth and final expedition aimed to circumnavigate the Antarctic continent. On January 5 1922, Shackleton died of a heart attack off South Georgia and was buried on the island.